古泰山女儿茶考述

泰山女儿茶,是中国古代北方茶区的特色。笔者在对泰山女儿茶的古籍文献进行梳理的基础上,探究了泰山女儿茶的植物种类,并为"《红楼梦》中提到的女儿茶是泰山女儿茶"这一观点提供了论据。     

Molecular and serological detection of animal and human vector-borne pathogens in the blood of dogs from Côte d’Ivoire

In Côte d’Ivoire, limited information are available on vector-borne pathogens, their prevalence and distribution. Here, we assess the occurrence and diversity of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) in Abidjan and Yamoussoukro cities. Blood from a total of 123 dogs were tested for Leishmania infantum and Ehrlichia canis antibodies and screened for Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp., Piroplasmida, Filariidae and Anaplasmataceae by PCR and sequencing. Among dogs, 39 % were positive for at least one pathogen. Seroprevalences were: 15.4 % and 12.2 % for L. infantum and E. canis, respectively. DNA of L. infantum and T. congolense (4.1 %), Baabesia vogeli (1.6 %), Filariidae (Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum) (10.6 %) has been detected. Anaplasmataceae were detected in (17.1 %) and E. canis was the only identified specie. Co-infections were observed in 13.8 % of dogs: E. canis-L. infantum co-infection was the most prevalent (4.9 %). Age, breed and sex of dogs do not seem to influence infections. Village dogs were more susceptible to CVBDs than kennel dogs (PV = 0.0000008). This study reports for the first time the presence of L. infantum, B. vogeli, A. reconditum, D. immitis and D. repens in dogs from Côte d’Ivoire and determines the prevalence and diversity of CVBD pathogens. The results indicate that human and animal pathogens are abundant in Ivoirian dogs which requires attention of veterinarians, physicians and authorities against these diseases, especially against major zoonosis such as visceral leishmaniasis (L. infantum).     

枣AP2/ERF转录因子鉴定及其响应枣疯病植原体表达分析

利用生物信息学方法，从植物转录因子数据库和NCBI数据库中分别得到175和164个候选的枣AP2/ERF转录因子序列，使用DNAMAN软件进行序列比对、去除重复序列，采用SMART软件预测蛋白结构域发现，枣基因组中包含有145个AP2/ERF基因，其中ERF、AP2、RAV亚家族分别含有116个、23个、5个，另有1个独立基因。预测枣AP2/ERF转录因子氨基酸数量在111 ~ 692之间，分子量在12 446.87 ~ 76 154.10之间，pI在4.31 ~ 10.11之间。鉴定出的145个AP2/ERF转录因子，105个分别定位到12条染色体上，40个未能定位。在此基础上，利用嫁接病芽方法将枣疯病植原体转至健康枣植株，通过转录组测序和qRT-PCR手段，分析了AP2/ERF转录因子对枣植原体侵染的响应，在植原体侵染枣的6个不同时期，枣AP2/ERF表达数量和表达量均不相同，共有48个差异表达基因，其中ZjAP2*9、ZjERF49和ZjERF91是响应枣疯病植原体最为重要的AP2/ERF转录因子。     

光伏板对吐鲁番‘无核白’葡萄叶幕微气候、叶片质量及果实品质的影响

以吐鲁番7年生‘无核白’为试验材料,研究不同密度光伏板对‘无核白’叶幕微气候、叶片质量以及果实品质的影响,旨在找到合适的光伏板密度,为葡光互补新型栽培模式的推广提供科学依据。结果表明:随着光伏板密度的增大,叶幕空气温度降低,空气相对湿度增大,光照强度显著降低。‘无核白’葡萄叶片质量、果实品质随着光伏板密度的增大呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势,中度遮阴条件下,‘无核白’叶片的纵、横径,叶绿素含量和果实中可溶性固形物含量均表现最佳。在吐鲁番地区采用光伏板遮阴对‘无核白’葡萄叶幕微气候有显著影响,适度遮阴有利于缓解夏季高温强光对葡萄生长发育的危害,但过度遮阴会产生负面影响。在吐鲁番地区推广葡光互补栽培模式时,建议选择光伏板的间隔为1.0 m。     

‘王林’苹果苦痘病的防治试验

近几年来‘王林’苹果苦痘病的发病率较高,为了探索防治办法,2018—2019年在瓦房店市驼山乡大魏村‘王林’苹果园进行施用“聚能螯合钙+硅”+生物有机肥试验。结果表明:第1年好果率达到90.2%,比对照提高15.0%;第2年分别为96.82%、22.23%。病果的病斑数也明显减少。     

Tackling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) outbreak in Africa: an analysis of farmers’ control actions

Abstract

Since its emergence in Africa in 2016, fall armyworm (FAW) has spread rapidly and poses a severe threat to the food security and livelihood of millions of smallholder farmers in the continent. Using survey data from Ghana and Zambia, we examined FAW prevention and control methods implemented by farm households and their impacts on maize output and household consumption of self-produced maize. The main control methods used included pesticide application and handpicking of larvae, while access to information on FAW was a key driver behind the implementation of the control methods. Results from an endogenous switching regression showed that the implementation of a FAW management strategy significantly enhanced maize yield and households’ own maize consumption. When disentangling the impacts of the main control methods, we found that the combination of pesticide application and handpicking of larvae produced the highest yield gain of 125%. We concluded that the current interventions put in place by farmers to tackle FAW infestations are providing positive outcomes, but successful management of the pest will require more actions, including raising awareness to enhance the adoption of control interventions and exploring other control options.     

西葫芦新品种‘京葫36’的选育

‘京葫36’是北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心育成的耐寒、适宜长季节栽培的越冬温室专用西葫芦杂交1代新品种,父母本分别为‘07754’和‘0421’。该品种长势旺盛、生长期长、耐低温弱光、株型合理、通风透光性好;低温弱光条件下连续结瓜能力强,瓜码密、产量高,采瓜期可达200 d以上;商品瓜长23~24 cm,粗6~7 cm,瓜条长柱形、粗细均匀,颜色翠绿,光泽度好,品质佳,商品性突出。适合北方越冬温室与春秋大棚种植。2014年5月通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会认定;2017年获得植物新品种权保护。     

Cherry picking by pseudomonads: After a century of research on canker,genomics provides insights into the evolution of pathogenicity towards stone fruits

Bacterial canker disease is a major limiting factor in the growing of cherry and other Prunus species worldwide. At least five distinct clades within the bacterial species complex Pseudomonas syringae are known to be causal agents of the disease. The different pathogens commonly coexist in the field. Reducing canker is a challenging prospect as the efficacy of chemical controls and host resistance may vary against each of the diverse clades involved. Genomic analysis has revealed that the pathogens use a variable repertoire of virulence factors to cause the disease. Significantly, strains of P. syringae pv. syringae possess more genes for toxin biosynthesis and fewer encoding type III effector proteins. There is also a shared pool of key effector genes present on mobile elements such as plasmids and prophages that may have roles in virulence. By contrast, there is evidence that absence or truncation of certain effector genes, such as hopAB, is characteristic of cherry pathogens. Here we highlight how recent research, underpinned by the earlier epidemiological studies, is allowing significant progress in our understanding of the canker pathogens. This fundamental knowledge, combined with emerging insights into host genetics, provides the groundwork for development of precise control measures and informed approaches to breed for disease resistance.     

江汉平原中山杉引种造林试验研究

通过在江汉平原开展中山杉6个品系的引种造林试验。结果表明,引进的6个品系中山杉无严重病虫害发生,各生长指标均大于池杉,11 a生中山杉平均胸径为17.61 cm、树高为11.06 m、材积为0.1297 m^3,表明中山杉在江汉平原的引种试验基本成功,其中中山杉502和中山杉118最为突出,适合在江汉平原推广造林,丰富江汉平原造林树种。